Diagnosis Prevalence List

Though these numbers are based on studies that vary in design and populations and may involve assumptions about patient age distributions, they should reasonably reflect relative prevalences among children in primary care practices. Some listed conditions may not be considered medical diagnoses. Click Feedback for questions or to suggest better prevalence studies.

Sort by Diagnosis	Sort by Prevalence	Patients in your practice	Citation
Childhood Obesity	1/5	500	[Robert: 2018]
≥1 Mental, Emotional, Behavioral Disorder	1/6	417	[O'Connell: 2009]
Constipation	1/8	312	[Mugie: 2011]
Asthma (Pediatric)	1/12	208	[National: 2016]
Substance Use Disorders	1/13	192	[Han: 2015]
Headache, Migraine	1/13	192	[Lewis,: 2002]
Depression	1/20	125	[Birmaher: 2007]
Hypertension	1/22	114	[Sorof: 2004]
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (1/11.5 of 8-15 year olds)	1/23	109	[Froehlich: 2007]
LGBT (adults, US)	1/24	104	[Gates: 2017]
Food Allergy	1/27	93	[Branum: 2009]
Anxiety Disorder (cumulative by age 16; adj.)	1/30	83	[Costello: 2003]
Speech Defects	1/38	66	[Newacheck: 1992]
Autism Spectrum Disorder	1/60	42	[Baio: 2018]
Intellectual Disability	1/100	25	[American: 2013]
Premature Infant (<27 weeks)	1/100	25	[McCormick: 2011]
Headache, Chronic Daily	1/100	25	[Lipton: 2011]
Tourette Syndrome	1/100	25	[Khalifa: 2005]
Congenital Heart Defects, all	1/110	23	[Hugh: 2016]
Celiac Disease (all ages)	1/133	19	[Fasano: 2003]
Transgender (prevalence in US adults)	1/167	15	[Flores: 2016]
In Foster Care (national estimate)	1/185	14	[Administration: 2011]
Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders	1/200	12	[National: 2017]
Seizure Disorder	1/256	10	[Hirtz: 2007]
Hearing Loss	1/333	8	[Finitzo: 1998]
Cerebral Palsy	1/474	5	[Oskoui: 2013]
Familial Hypercholesterolemia (heterozygote)	1/500	5	[Jorde: 2010]
Diabetes Mellitus, Type I, in children	1/588	4	[Diabetes: 2005]
Ventricular Septal Defect	1/593	4	[Bernstein: 2004]
Cancer (all types, includes survivors)	1/725	3	[Hewitt: 2003]
Neural Tube Defects	1/760	3	[Utah: 2000]
Eosinophilic Esophagitis	1/847	3	[Robson: 2019]
Down Syndrome	1/884	3	[de: 2017]
Hearing Loss or Deafness, Congenital	1/909	3	[Mehra: 2009]
Visual Impairment (worse than 20/70)	1/935	3	[Mervis: 2002]
Hearing Loss, Serious (>40 db, bilat.)	1/935	3	[Mervis: 2002]
Cleft Lip, with or without cleft palate	1/940	3	[Parker: 2010]
Transgender adolescents (13-17)	1/978	3	[Herman: 2017]
Juvenile Arthritis	1/1,000	2	[von: 2001]
Club Foot	1/1,000	2	[Jorde: 2010]
XXY (Klinefelter) Syndrome	1/1,000	2	[Morris: 2008]
Stroke (>6/100,000/yr. x 16 yr.)	1/1,042	2	[Roach: 2000]
Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (cum. incidence)	1/1,070	2	[Chu: 2000]
Hydrocephalus	1/1,220	2	[Persson: 2005]
Inflammatory Bowel Disease	1/1,408	2	[Kappelman: 2007]
Cleft palate, without cleft lip	1/1,574	2	[Parker: 2010]
Tetralogy of Fallot	1/1,657	2	[Parker: 2010]
Rheumatic Heart Disease	1/2,000	1	[Chin: 2006]
Rectal & Large Intestinal Atresia/Stenosis	1/2,138	1	[Parker: 2010]
Congenital Hypothyroidism	1/2,174	1	[Maniatis: 2006]
Crohn's Disease	1/2,193	1	[Kugathasan: 2003]
Gastroschisis	1/2,229	1	[Parker: 2010]
Patent Ductus Arteriosus	1/2,329	1	[Bernstein: 2004]
Atrial Septal Defect	1/2,329	1	[Bernstein: 2004]
All Tandem Mass-Screened Conditions	1/2,400	1	[Schulze: 2003]
Sickle Cell Disease (national estimate)	1/2,699	0.9	[Hassell: 2010]
Coarctation of the Aorta	1/2,717	0.9	[Bernstein: 2004]
Pulmonary Valve Stenosis	1/2,717	0.9	[Bernstein: 2004]
Spinal Cord Injury	1/2,861	0.9	[National: 2005]
Reduction Defects, upper limbs	1/2,869	0.9	[Parker: 2010]
Traumatic Brain Injury w/ persistent disability	1/3,190	0.8	[Zaloshnja: 2008]
d-Transposition of the Great Arteries	1/3,333	0.8	[Parker: 2010]
Growth Hormone Deficiency	1/3,480	0.7	[Lindsay: 1994]
Cystic Fibrosis	1/3,500	0.7	[Comeau: 2004]
Childhood Absence Epilepsy	1/3,571	0.7	[Posner: 2008]
Aortic Valve Stenosis	1/3,622	0.7	[Bernstein: 2004]
Trisomy 18	1/3,762	0.7	[Parker: 2010]
Amino Acid Disorders - total	1/3,800	0.7	[Schulze: 2003]
Diaphragmatic Hernia	1/3,836	0.7	[Parker: 2010]
Lennox-Gastaut syndrome	1/3,850	0.6	[Trevathan: 1997]
22q11.2 deletion syndrome	1/4,000	0.6	[McDonald-McGinn: 2011]
Turner Syndrome (1/2000 females)	1/4,000	0.6	[Stochholm: 2006]
Neurofibromatosis, Type I	1/4,000	0.6	[Jorde: 2010]
Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome	1/4,344	0.6	[Parker: 2010]
Esophageal/Tracheoesophageal Atresia	1/4,608	0.5	[Parker: 2010]
Infantile Spasms	1/5,000	0.5	[Mackay: 2004]
Hirschsprung Disease	1/5,100	0.5	[Passarge: 2002]
Fragile X Syndrome	1/5,161	0.5	[Coffee: 2009]
Anophthalmia/Microphthalmia	1/5,349	0.5	[Parker: 2010]
Omphalocele	1/5,386	0.5	[Parker: 2010]
Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease	1/5,714	0.4	[Morocutti: 2002]
Reduction defects, lower limbs	1/5,949	0.4	[Parker: 2010]
Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA)	1/6,000	0.4	[Jones: 2015]
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy	1/7,000	0.4	[Jorde: 2010]
Osteogenesis Imperfecta	1/7,500	0.3	[Jorde: 2010]
Leukodystrophies	1/7,663	0.3	[Bonkowsky: 2010]
Trisomy 13	1/7,906	0.3	[Parker: 2010]
Hypoplastic Right Ventricle	1/8,150	0.3	[Bernstein: 2004]
Romano-Ward Syndrome	1/10,000	0.3	[Ackerman: 1998]
Deafness	1/10,000	0.3	[Marazita: 1993]
Fatty Acid Oxidation Disorders - total	1/10,400	0.2	[Schulze: 2003]
Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return	1/10,867	0.2	[Bernstein: 2004]
Single Ventricle	1/10,867	0.2	[Bernstein: 2004]
Rett Syndrome	1/11,364	0.2	[Laurvick: 2006]
Chronic Renal Failure	1/13,387	0.2	[Ardissino: 2003]
Truncus Arteriosus	1/13,876	0.2	[Parker: 2010]
Hemophilia (A & B)	1/14,588	0.2	[Soucie: 1998]
Organic Acidurias - total	1/14,700	0.2	[Schulze: 2003]
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia	1/15,000	0.2	[Pang: 1997]
Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia (immotile cilia)	1/15,000	0.2	[Knowles: 2013]
Marfan Syndrome	1/15,000	0.2	[Jorde: 2010]
Angelman Syndrome	1/16,000	0.2	[Kyllerman: 2013]
Phenylketonuria (PKU)	1/16,500	0.2	[Therrell: 2014]
Retinoblastoma	1/16,667	0.1	[Seregard: 2004]
Dilated Cardiomyopathy (0.57/100,000/yr.)	1/17,268	0.1	[Towbin: 2006]
MCADD	1/17,759	0.1	[Therrell: 2014]
Hemophilia A	1/18,619	0.1	[Soucie: 1998]
Glycogen Metabolism/Storage Diseases	1/20,000	0.1
Tuberous Sclerosis	1/20,000	0.1	[Northrup: 2013]
Huntington Disease	1/20,000	0.1	[Jorde: 2010]
Polycystic Kidney Disease, autsomal recessive	1/20,000	0.1	[Zerres: 1998]
Ataxia-Telangiectasia	1/20,000	0.1	[Rothblum-Oviatt: 2016]
Multiple Sclerosis	1/25,000	0.1	[Marrie: 2018]
Prader-Willi Syndrome	1/25,000	0.1	[Butler: 1990]
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL)	1/33,333	0.08	[U.S.: 2005]
Cancer, brain & CNS	1/34,483	0.07	[U.S.: 2005]
Myotonic Muscular Dystrophy	1/50,000	0.05	[Theadom: 2014]
Friedreich's Ataxia	1/50,000	0.05	[Durr: 1996]
Fabry Disease	1/50,000	0.05	[National: 2012]
Cornelia de Lange Syndrome	1/50,000	0.05	[Barisic: 2008]
Biotinidase deficiency	1/60,000	0.04	[Wolf: 1991]
VLCADD	1/63,000	0.04	[Therrell: 2014]
Hemophilia B	1/67,413	0.04	[Soucie: 1998]
Methylmalonic Acidemia	1/75,000	0.03	[Chace: 2001]
Short-Chain Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiency (SCADD)	1/83,300	0.03	[Schulze: 2003]
Hodgkin Lymphoma	1/83,333	0.03	[U.S.: 2005]
Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma	1/90,909	0.03	[U.S.: 2005]
Mucopolysaccharidosis Type I	1/100,000	0.03	[Moore: 2008]
Hurler Syndrome (Mucopolysaccharidosis type I)	1/100,000	0.03	[NINDS: 2006]
Cancer, bone & joint	1/111,111	0.02	[U.S.: 2005]
Guanidinoacetate Methyltransferase (GAMT)	1/114,000	0.02	[Mercimek-Mahmutoglu: 2015]
Tyrosinemia Type 1	1/120,000	0.02	[Scriver: 2001]
Neuroblastoma	1/131,579	0.02	[U.S.: 2005]
Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)	1/142,857	0.02	[U.S.: 2005]
Cancer, kidney & renal pelvis	1/166,667	0.01	[U.S.: 2005]
Wilms Tumor	1/172,414	0.01	[U.S.: 2005]
Maple Syrup Urine Disease	1/225,000	0.01	[Carleton: 2010]
Propionic Acidemia	1/238,346	0.01	[Therrell: 2014]
LCHADD/TFP Deficiency	1/250,000	0.01	[Schulze: 2003]
Isovaleric Acidemia	1/250,000	0.01	[Ensenauer: 2004]
Behçet's Disease	1/263,158	0.009	[Sakane: 1999]
Homocystinuria	1/300,000	0.008	[Shinawi: 2007]
Chronic Granulomatous Disease	1/500,000	0.005
Myasthenia Gravis	1/500,000	0.005
Familial Hypercholesterolemia (homozygote)	1/1,000,000	0.003
Arginase deficiency	1/2,000,000	0.001	[Nagata: 1991]